The conversion from symbols like hieroglyphics to writing may have happened much in the first place than had been thought , an archaeologist has claim . However , if the grounds stands up to scrutiny , it pose the question of why one of humanity ’s greatest inventions appear to have film so long to gain widespread utilization .
There ’s probably no style to patch up the question of which of world ’s technological innovations was most authoritative , butwritinghas to be a contender . The capacity to store andtransmit informationaccelerated the spread of everything that came afterwards , as well as let fresh development that would have been unlikely or impossible before .
However , writing might be more fair considered to be two major advances : pictograms likehieroglyphics , followed by the ontogeny of the alphabet G of years after . However , the spread between the two may not have been quite as large as we thought , based on the mental object of a 4,400 - year - previous Syrian tomb .
" Alphabets revolutionise writing by cause it approachable to people beyond royalty and the socially elect . Alphabetic written material changed the way people live , how they thought , how they communicated , " say Professor Glenn Schwartz of Johns Hopkins University in astatement .
It was thought that this innovation take place around 1900 BCE . Examples of alphabetic script appear first in Egypt around that clip . However , in 2004 Schwartz was part of a team conducting a dig at Tell Umm - el Marra , an ancient metropolis in westerly Syria that he suspects , but has not yet proven , is the cityreferred to as Tubain ancient book . Schwartz believes Umm - el Marra wasfounded around 2700 BCE .
Many thing have become serious in Syria over the last 20 years , archaeology included , so follow - up at the situation has been confine . Before the war , however , tomb from the former Bronze Age around 300 class after the city was constitute bring out exceptional gem , providing gold and flatware jewellery somehow escaped grave robber for millennium . Modern historian may aim an even higher value on pottery vessels and cookware , but beside the quite a little Schwartz found something he now thinks has greater significance still .
Four lightly baked clay cylinders the size of fingers have grading on them that Schwartz toldThe American Society for Overseas Research ’s Annual Conferenceappear to be a form of alphabetic committal to writing . Yet carbon-14 dating of the grave itself and some of its content indicate these were made 500 years before the oldest previous such penning we know .
" The cylinder were perforate , so I ’m imagining a string tethering them to another object to act as a recording label . Maybe they detail the message of a vessel , or maybe where the vessel come from , or who it belonged to , " Schwartz say . " Without a means to render the writing , we can only speculate . "
Schwartz has previously print two analyses of the cylinders , which tentatively raised the thought these were predecessor of the alphabet , but now seems to be name the case with more confidence .
Even if the dating is right , Schwartz ’s case may be disputed on the primer that the scoring ’ resemblance to an alphabet is a coincidence . There are only 12 symbol on the cylinders and one of them bet more like a hieroglyphic than a alphabetic character . Themuted responseto Schwartz ’s previous workplace suggests he has yet to convert most of his peers .
" Previously , scholarly person think the ABC was invented in or around Egypt sometime after 1900 BCE , " Schwartz say . " But our artifacts are older and from a unlike area on the mapping , suggest the alphabet may have had an entirely dissimilar blood story than we thought . ”
If Schwartz ’s claims are accepted , they conjure the doubtfulness of whether this early hand symbolise a sort of ancestor of the Egyptian first principle , or if it forge a sort of dead end ? Either answer would involve further explanation . Why would such a utilitarian institution not last , if it did n’t , only to be reinvented centuries subsequently ? Was there something about this script that made this initial travail at alphabetical writing less exploiter - friendly than the one that conquer the world , and therefore caused it to be abandoned ?
instead , if our modernalphabethas roots 500 years further back in time , why have we not found examples of it in between ? Syria and Egypt are not that far aside , but one might still expect to see some signs of an innovation ’s journey .
piston chamber played a big part in the development of writing . coincidently , earlier this month another cylinder wasproposed to representevidence for how one of the most important pre - alphabetic contour of writing develop . For 100 before the ABC’s , cuneiform pictograms act the written language of Mesopotamia and surround . allot to a paper inAntiquity , a stone piston chamber date from Uruk in around 3000 BCE shows how stones engraved with symbolic representation were roll onto clay tablets to bequeath stamped impressions . This cylinder provides the first direct evidence for a link between these seal and proto - cuniform ’s development .
Schwartz ’s old work on the cylinder ’ mark are published in a book , reach the Tablet Box , and open access inPasiphae .
